Reducing health risks

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There are some risks associated with keeping reptiles. These include bites and scratches inflicted on handlers by the reptile and the contraction of infectious diseases and parasitic infestations (known as zoonoses) which can be transmitted between reptiles and humans.

Bites and scratches

These are most likely to occur when the animal is being fed or handled. Adult reptiles are less likely to bite or scratch people than juvenile ones are. Some ways to reduce the likelihood of bites and scratches occurring include:

• Using long handled tweezers or forceps to feed reptiles (especially snakes)

• Making the animal aware of your presence before touching them or picking them up.

Bites and scratches should be treated using basic first aid techniques. Wash the area well and apply a disinfectant such as Betadine as soon as possible after the bite or scratch has occurred.

Zoonoses

Exposure to zoonotic diseases occurs through bites, scratches, contact with mucous secretions, faeces, urine, blood, aerial droplets, bedding materials and oral contact. Some precautions to take that will minimise the possibility of someone becoming infected by a zoonotic disease include:

• Wash hands after any contact with an animal

• Wash hands after touching any animal waste

• Wear disposable gloves when removing animal waste and/or bedding materials

• Wash equipment used to feed or handle reptiles after each use. Do not wash in areas used for human food preparation

• Keep equipment used for reptile keeping away from items used for humans.

Specific zoonoses that are relevant to reptiles include:

• Salmonellosis

• Mycobacterium infections, which are similar to tuberculosis

• Bacterial infections that may cause diarrhoea, vomiting, fevers and gastroenteritis. Proper hygiene practices when handling and feeding reptiles, along with maintaining the reptiles in a healthy state, almost eliminates the risks associated with these diseases.