Brad Manera: The rising sun is a symbol used on the badge of the Australian Army. But badges and symbols are used everywhere. Cooper,
you're wearing a badge and symbols. It's your school badge. Tell us about it.
Cooper: It's my school emblem. It has a historic building and a rose garden.
Brad Manera: OK. How does that make you feel?
Cooper: It makes me feel part of my school.
Brad Manera: Exactly. And that is the unifying power of badges and symbols. So, you know, where this badge makes Australian soldiers feel
part of an army, your school emblem makes you feel part of that school. Over 100 years ago, when Australia was made up of
a group of British colonies that didn't necessarily get on well together, each one used their own symbol, particularly amongst
their military, the badge of their colony. I'll show you two of them. For example, this is the badge worn in New South Wales
in the 1890s. It's got a lion inside a Southern Cross in a wreath of waratah—the symbol of New South Wales. This is the badge
worn by the defence force from my home state in Western Australia. In the middle is a black swan— very, very strong symbol
of Western Australia. In 1901, all of those colonial defence forces were combined and it was the start of the Australian Army.
They couldn't wear these old badges. They needed a new symbol. They needed a new symbol and they needed it very quickly because
we were at war. Australia was sending soldiers. Each of the colonies were sending soldiers to a war that the British Empire
was fighting in South Africa, and so we needed a symbol that would unify all of those soldiers leaving for the war in South
Africa against the Boers. And they came up with a symbol that has become famous. It's called the Rising Sun. The Australian
General Service badge has been known as the Rising Sun. This was the first Rising Sun designed and it came out in time for
those soldiers to go to South Africa in 1902. And if you have a look at it, you can see the term 'Australia' above a crown,
all framed in the rays of a rising sun. How about we pass it around? Can you see the rays of the sun? And the crown worn by
the ruling monarch at the time? Australia was part of the British Empire and so we used the symbol of the monarch—the crown.
Fourteen years later, we were involved in a much bigger war. Our soldiers were part of a much more complicated army. And so,
they needed a slightly different badge. They wanted to convey this idea of a strong military force. They came up with a badge
that was a variation on the Rising Sun. In fact, let's have a look at the way that Rising Sun badge has changed. They're three
Rising Sun badges, but each one of them is different. Each one of them dates from a different time period. Now, yours is the
oldest. Can you describe it to us?
Isabella : Um, well, my scroll says the ‘Australian Commonwealth Military Forces’. It's also got a king's crown and it's made with bronze.
Brad Manera: Well done. How...now, if you have a closer look, can you describe that crown? You've already told us it's a king's crown.
That's because we were talking about that earlier. How does the king's crown differ from the queen's crown?
Isabella: Well, a queen's crown has, um, like... it has those bumpy parts which comes up with, like, a point on the top.
Brad Manera: OK. That's a good description. If we look at that really old badge...when this badge came out, Queen Victoria was on the
throne. And you can see from her crown, it's...as you say, it's got bumpy bits on the side. It flares out at the side. A king's
crown goes almost straight up, so when we take a closer look at your badge, it doesn't flare out like the queen's crown. That's
how we can date them, because we didn't have a king and a queen on the throne at the same time. What I'd like each of you
to do is read the scroll on the badge in front of you.
Isabella: Australian Commonwealth Military Forces.
Brad Manera: OK, Lily, what's on yours?
Lily: Australian Military Forces.
Cooper: Australian Military Forces, and on the back, Stokes.
Brad Manera: Stokes was the person who made it, and they had a factory down in Melbourne. Now have a look at the shape of the crown. Cooper,
what does your crown look like?
Cooper: Straight up.
Brad Manera: Straight up. So that tells us it's a king's crown. What does yours look like, Lily?
Lily: A queen's crown.
Brad Manera: A queen's crown.
Isabella: And mine goes straight up.
Brad Manera: And yours goes straight up. Two king's crowns, one's a queen's crown. Two scrolls are the same. One scroll's different. So
what we've got are three badges from three different times and we're able to date them by the symbols that are used on that
badge.
